:Aces+: Eyedrops:

:Aces plus starts with a base of Aces Eyedrops and adds:

L-Carnosine

Youthful eyes contain high concentrations of antioxidants that protect against cataract, macular degeneration, glaucoma and other eye diseases. Synthesis of glutathione drops with aging. Antioxidant supplements protect against age-related eye conditions, [1] but aging also reduces circulatory delivery to the eye. [2]  The findings from a recent study conclude: [3]
"A need exists for development of therapeutic agents to slow age-related loss of antioxidant activity in the nucleus of the human lens to delay the onset of cataract."
Free radicals for the most part cause cataracts and other senile eye disorders. Oxidative stress is also a contributing factor in the development of macular degeneration [4] and glaucoma.
According to a recent report, [5] "nutritional intervention to enhance the glutathione antioxidant capacity…may provide an effective way to prevent or treat age-related macular degeneration." Even glaucoma has been linked with reduced blood flow and increased levels of damaging free radicals. [6]
Another problem with aging eyes is protein degradation and the formation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (A.G.E.). Aging eyes fail to break down and remove old proteins linked by sugar molecules, which results in the accumulation of non-functioning protein crosslinks. The resulting accumulation of damaged proteins leads to senile ocular diseases. [7]

Topical Application of Nutrients to the Eyes:

Degenerative changes in the eye begin already in childhood and start to become apparent in middle age as risk factors for macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataracts and various forms of retinopathy in later life. Studies show topical application of certain nutrients, antioxidants, lubricants and anti-glycating agents may help prevent common senile eye disorders.

Lubricants: Carboxymethylcellulose and glycerin approved by the FDA for ophthalmic use provide a synergistic effect, protecting against dry eyes and other eye irritations.

Antioxidants:

• L-Carnosine is a naturally occurring antioxidant and anti-glycation agent that protects the eyes in studies. 1% N-Acetyl- L-Carnosine acts as a time-release L-Carnosine. This form has access to both aqueous and lipid compartments of the eye. [9] In the lipid compartments of the eye, N-Acetyl-L-Carnosine naturally releases L-Carnosine, protecting lipid tissues from light damage. [8] Carnosine helps prevent light-induced DNA strand breaks. Carnosine application to the eyes allows significant repair of all DNA strands examined. [9] In Russia, carnosine eye drops are approved for corneal erosion, trophic keratitis, postherpetic epitheliopathy, primary and secondary corneal dystrophy, and bullous keratopathy. [10]
• Vitamin A is essential for health and function of epithelial cells. Topical Vitamin A corrects many eye disorders and contact lens issues for epithelial cells in the cornea, conjunctiva, and eyelids. Vitamin A deficiency in the eye can cause tear film abnormality leading to severe dry eye and discomfort for contact lens wearers. [17-29]
• Vitamin E topically in the eye can increase survival time of corneal endothelial cells, decrease inflammation, speed up healing of eye tissues, regenerate glutathione in the eye, and even prevent cataracts in animal studies. [11-16]

Components:

• Glycerin (lubricant) 1.0%
• Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (lubricant) 0.3% 
• Sterile saline water (ophthalmic grade isotonic solution, pH 6.3 to 6.5)
• N-Acetyl-Carnosine (NAC, antioxidant) 1.0%
• Vitamin A micelles
• Vitamin C
• Vitamin E micelles
• Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)
• Borates and/or potassium bicarbonate (buffers)
• Mild Silver Protein ~30 ppm (antimicrobial)

Use: Apply 1 drop in each eye at least once or twice a day. The bottle can be stored in the dark in the refrigerator to extend shelf life.

References :
1. Arch Ophthalmol 2000 Nov; 118(11): pp. 1556-1563, Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1999 May; 69(3): pp. 198-205
2. Ophthalmology 1996 Mar; 103(3): pp. 529-534
3. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2000 Apr; 16(2): pp. 121-135
4. Mol Vis 1999 Nov 3; 5:32
5. Prog Retin Eye Res 2000 Mar; 19(2): pp. 205-221
6. Arch Ophthalmol 2000 Aug; 118(8): pp. 1076-1080,Vestn Oftalmol 1999 Sep; 115(5): pp. 3-4
7. Curr Eye Res 2000 Jul; 21(1): pp. 543-549, Free Radic Biol Med 1987; 3(6): pp. 371-377
8. Mol. Biol. Part B: (2000), 127B; (4): pp. 443-446, Clin. Chim. Acta., 1996; 254(1): pp. 1-21
9. Photochemistry and Photobiology, (2000), 71; (5): pp. 559-566.
10. Biochemistry (Moscow)(2000), 65(5): pp. 588-598.
11. Ophthalmologica. 2001 May-Jun;215(3):192-6.
12. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol 1987 Nov;15(4):309-14 
13. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1999 Aug;15(4):345-50 
14. Exp Eye Res 1999 Jun;68(6):747-55 
15. Ann Nutr Metab 1999;43(5):286-9 
16. Klin Oczna 1998;100(2):85-8 
17. Ophthalmology 1983; 90: 592-600.
18. Curr Eye Res 1985; 4: 1049-1057.
19. Curr Eye Res 1984; 3(6): 815-822.
20. So African Optom 1990; 49: 143.
21. Afro-Asian Journal of Ophthalmology 1988; 7(December): 74-83.
22. Ophthalmology 1988; 95: 1442-1446.
23. Fortschr Ophthalmol 1989; 86(5): 530-534.
24. Trans Ophthalmol Soc (UK) 1985; 104: 869-874.
25. Contact Lens Journal (UK) 1988; 16: 169-170.
26. International Contact Lens Clinic 1990; 17: 139-143.
27. Ophthalmology 1985; 92" 717-727.
28. Am J Ophthalmol 1983; 95: 349-352.
29. Contact Lens Journal (UK) 1991; 19: 165-173.