Ormus-Studies:

Evidence from Activation Energies for Superconductive Tunneling in Biological Systems at Physiological Temperatures

For several biological systems involving nerve or growth processes the square of the activation energy is a linear function of temperature over a moderate range of physiological temperatures. This behavior may be predicted from the hypothesis that the rate of biological process is controlled by single electron tunneling between micro-regions of superconductivity.

Physiological Chemistry and Physics 3, 1971 Bio-Chemistry Laboratory U.S. Naval Air Development Center, Pennsylvania. Reference: pp. 403-410

Magnetic Flux Quantization and Josephson Behavior in Living Systems

Abstract: The proposal of coherent electromagnetic processes as the engine of biological dynamics suggests that Josephson effects could be present in living cells. Positive experimental evidence is reported and discussed.

Physica Scripta 40, 1989 E. Del Giudice, S. Doglia, M. Milani, C. W. Smith, G. Vitiello Reference: pp. 786-791

Biological Sensitivity to Weak Magnetic Fields Due to Biological Superconductive Josephson Junctions

Summary: Various species of organisms can detect weak magnetic fields from .1 to 5 gauss. Indirect evidence suggests that electron tunneling may occur across junctions between superconducting micro regions in living systems. Man made superconducting Josephson junctions have been fabricated with magnetic sensitivity as high as 10-11 gauss. It is suggested that superconducting Josephson junctions in living systems may provide a physical mechanism with more than enough sensitivity to explain the observed responses of organisms to weak magnetic fields.

Physiological Chemistry and Physics 5, 1973 Reference: pp. 173-176

2001 Nobel Prize in Physics: BEC's

Large condensates and interference patterns Wolfgang Ketterle came to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1990. He worked with a different alkali atom, sodium, and published his BEC results four months after Cornell and Wieman, but with a condensate containing some hundreds of times more atoms. In an interference experiment he showed that all the atoms really were linked in a single wave of matter. By first separating a condensate into two parts and then causing these to expand into each other, he could observe distinct interference patterns � rather like what happens when two stones are thrown into still water at the same time. The interference pattern would not have formed unless the matter waves were coherent.

Condensates

Small clusters of transition metals at low temperature with an even number of electrons tend to go into a condensate state.

Ramiro Moro, Xiaoshan Xu, Shuangye Yin & Walt A. de Heer. Ferroelectricity in free niobium clusters. Science 2003, 300(5623):1265-1269.